Leveling-instrument



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. W. WIOKHAM & J. M. ROAOH.

LEVELING INSTRUMENT.

No. 373,627. Patented Nov. 22, 1887.

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(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 2. A. W. WIOKHAM & J. M. ROAOH.

LEVELING INSTRUMENT.

No. 373.627. Patented Nov. 22, 1887.

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UNITED STATES PATENT CEEICE ALMERON \V. WICKHAM AND JAMES M. ROACH, OF BURNSIDE, CONNECTICUT.

LEVELlNG-INSTRUMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 373,627, dated November 22, 1887.

Application filed May 1 1887. Serial No. 238,600. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, ALMERON W. WIoK HAM and JAMES M. Roaon, of Burnside, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and Improved Conr bination Level and Rule, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to a combined level and rule that is applicable for use in many and varied ways, as will be hereinafter described, and specifically pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar figures of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of our improved level, the face and top of said level being exposed. Fig. 2 is a view of the back of the level, a portion only of the rule being represented, and said portion being shown as it appears when partially withdrawn from its recess. Fig. 4 is a view of the face of the rule, and Fig. 5 is a view of the back of the rule.

In the drawings,10 represents a block, which constitutes the main body of the level, the forward end of this block being cut to the form of an arc of a circle of which the axis corresponds with that of a circular aperture, a, that is formed through the block 10. This circular end of the block 10 is recessed, and in the recess so formed there is mounted a glass tube, 11, the tube being bent to the form of an arc and being five or ten degrees longer than a quadrant. The are formed at the end of the block 10 is dividedinto degrees, as represented in the drawings, said degrees being numbered from 0 to 90.

In the back of the block 10 there is a groove, 12, that is adapted to receive a folding rule, 13, the construction of which rule will be hereinafter more fully described, and within the main recess 12 there is formed a second recess, 14, that is adapted to receive a screw-pointed pin, 15, the arrangement being such that when the pin 15 is placed within the recess 14 the rule may be slid to position within its recess 12.

A longitudinal bore, 16, that is parallel with the bottom of the block 10, is located as shown Fig. 3 is an end View of the level.'

in Fig. 1 and indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2, two crossed wires, 3, being mounted in each end of the bore. To the face of the block 10 there is secured a plate, 20, which gives the scale of perpendicular of any angle up to sixty degrees.

The rule 13 is formed in two sections, that are connected by a pivotpin, 18, one face of the rule being divided into inches, while the other is marked with angle-lines, that are so arranged that when any twolines formed upon the two rule-sections are brought together and form a straight line the numbers placed in connection with the two meeting lines will indicate the angle at which the two lengths of the rule are extended. The free ends of the rule-sections are pointed, as shown at 19, so

that the rule may be used as dividers.

The combined level and rule above .described can be used for a great many purposes, among which are the following: By placing the base of the block 10 on any object the bubble in the tube 11 will indicate the vertical angle of the level-support. For instance, if the bubble marks 0, the level-support will be exactly horizontal; but if the bubble marks 90 the level-support or the objectagainst which it is held will be in a vertical line. If a ver tical angle is to be obtained, the block 10 is fastened to a tree, post, or other propersupport by passing thc thumb-screw through the opening aand bringing its threaded end into engagement with the support. Then the vertical an gle between the two objects can be read by the bubble, and, the base being known, you can find the height by means of the scale given upon the plate 20. For instance, if your base is one hundred feetaud your angleis thirty-one degrees, then, as a base of one foot with an angle of thirty-one degrees is .600, a hundred-foot base would be a hundred times .600, which equals sixty feet, or the height of the object, and the same would be true for any angle and base up to sixty degrees by securing the level so that it rests upon its rear upon a flat surface, being held thereto by the screw-pointed pin 15. Any horizontal angle can be found by noting how far the level moves and then measuring the angle by the dividers or rule. The angle of any flat stationary object, as the roof of a house, &c., can be found by simply placing the level upon it, and the bubble will show the angle, the exact pitch of the object being found upon the table, as above described.

By means of this level the heights of trees, houses, poles, chimneys, hills, springs, &c., from any given level can be found, and the instrument will be found to be exceedingly convenient for the use of all classes of mechanics and artists, as well as for architects, surveyors, and engineers. The bore 16 and crossed wires 3 are used for sighting, as will be readily understood.

Having thus fully described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The combination, with a block formed with a quadrant-shaped end and an aperture which includes the axis of said quadrantshaped end, of a circular spirit-tube mounted in a groove formed in the said quadrant-shaped 1 end of the-block, substantially as described.

groove formed in the said quadrant-shaped end, and a pin arranged to pass through the aperture a, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with ablock, 10, formed with a longitudinal bore and curved end, of a spirittube mounted in a groove formed in said curved end, and crossed wires mounted within the ends of the longitudinal bore, substantially as described.

5. Acombined level and rule consisting, essentially, of a transversely-apertured block that is formed with a quadrant-shaped end, said end being concentric with the axis of the aperture, a scale-plate secured to one face of the block, asectional rule, and apin mounted in arecess in the opposite face of the block, substantially as described.

6. A combined level and rule consisting, essentially, of a transversely-apertured block that is formed with a quadrant-shaped end, said end being concentric with the axis of the aperture, a scale-plate secured to one face of the block, a sectional rule one face of which is graduated to inches and the other face of which is provided with angle-lines, the block being recessed to receive the rule, substantiall y as described.

ALMERON W. WIOKHAM. JAMES M. ROAGH. \Vitnesses:

WILLIAM P. WICKHAM, Brennan H. ROAOH. 

